Double-stranded RNA sensors are capable of recognizing viral RNA and triggering the antiviral innate immune response. These sensors must precisely discriminate between the cell’s own RNA and viral RNA; failure in this recognition can result in abnormal immune activation and autoimmune disorders. Our laboratory mainly studies the mechanisms of immunogenic and non-immunogenic RNA threshold formation, explores the sources and conditions for the production of endogenous immunogenic RNA, and develops new therapeutic strategies targeting double-stranded RNA sensors.